Imboni yezimoto ibhekene noshintsho olukhulu njengoba abathengi namabhizinisi ngokufanayo egudla izixazululo zokuhamba ezisimeme. Ezingqimeni zalesi simo esishintshayo kukhona ukwanda kwezimoto zikagesi eziluhlaza, ezithembisa ukunciphisa ukungcola komoya kanye nokonga imali enkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokungafani nezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli ezivamile, lezi zimoto zithatha amandla azo kugesi, ovame ukuvela emagridini avuselelekayo, futhi azikhiqizi lutho oluphuma emapayipini ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ezinkampanini ezifana ne-lifei, ezisebenza ngezixazululo zokuhlinzekwa kwamandla amasha, ukukhula kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi kubonisa inselele kanye nethuba lokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Njengoba abahlinzeki bezinsiza ezifana ne-florida power & light company bandisa izinhlelo zabo zamandla ahlanzekile, uhlelo lwezokuhamba eziluhlaza ngogesi luya luqina unyaka nonyaka. Lesi sihloko sihluza ukuthi ukwamukela imoto eluhlaza kagesi kungazuzisa kanjani isikhwama sakho semali, indlela yakho yokuphila, kanye nemvelo ngokulinganayo.

Ingxoxo mayelana nezimoto zikagesi isiguquke kakhulu kusukela ekungabazeni kwasekuqaleni kuya ekwamukelweni okubanzi, okushukumiswe yintuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nezinethiwekhi zokushaja. Namuhla, abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu bazibophezele emikhiqizweni yazo yonke ezisebenzisa ugesi, futhi ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke banikeza izikhuthazo ezinkulu ukusheshisa ukwamukelwa. Kumshayeli ojwayelekile, isinqumo sokushintshela emotweni eluhlaza esebenzisa ugesi akusaseyona nje indaba yemvelo; ukukhetha okunenzuzo kwezezimali okwehlisa izindleko zokuphepha. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-enel green power spa zitshala kakhulu emaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo ahlinzeka ngqo ugesi osasetshenziswa ukushaja lezi zimoto, okwengeza kakhulu izimfanelo zazo ezihambisana nemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinto eziyinhloko ezenza izimoto eziluhlaza ezisebenzisa ugesi zibe ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezokuthutha zesimanje, kusukela ezinqubweni zazo zokukhiqiza kuya ezinzuzweni zazo zesikhathi eside zokusebenza.

Igama elithi "green electric" lidlulela kude ngaphezu kokungabi bikho kwe-tailpipe, ligibele indlela ephelele yokusimama eqala emthonjeni wamandla emoto futhi iqhubeke kuyo yonke impilo yayo. Ngokungafani nezinjini zangaphakathi ezishisa uphethiloli futhi zikhulule i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides, kanye nezinto ezincane, imoto kagesi eluhlaza isebenza ngogesi ogcinwe kumabhethri amakhulu, okubangela ukukhishwa okunguziro kwe-tailpipe ngesikhathi sokushayela. Leli phuzu elilodwa lithuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yomoya wedolobha futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi elibamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi uma ugesi ukhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo njenge-solar, umoya, noma i-hydropower. Izinkampani ezifana ne-florida power & light company ziye zenza izindaba ngezinhlelo zazo eziqhakazile zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-solar nokugcinwa kwamabhethri, okusho ukuthi ukushaja imoto kagesi eluhlaza endaweni yazo yesevisi kuhlanzeka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja obuhlakaniphile kuvumela abashayeli ukuthi bahlele ukushaja ngezikhathi zokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwezinto ezivuselelekayo, okwandisa inzuzo yemvelo yayo yonke i-kilowatt-hour esetshenzisiwe.

Ukwenziwa okusimeme kuyisigaba esibalulekile esenza lezi zimoto zibe eziluhlaza ngempela, futhi lapha imboni yenze izinyathelo ezinkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Abakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha ngaphakathi ezimotweni, banciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezindaweni zokuhlanganisa, futhi bathola amabhethri kubathengisi abalandela izindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo nezokuziphatha. Abalingani be-supply chain njengo-lifei badlala indima ebalulekile kuleli hlelo ngokuhlinzeka ngezingxenye kanye nokusekelwa kwezinto zokuthutha zemikhiqizo emisha yamandla, okuhlanganisa namabhethri elanga kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezihambisana nengqalasizinda yokushaja izimoto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wobuchwepheshe be-vehicle-to-grid uvumela imoto kagesi eluhlaza ukuthi isebenze njengendawo yokugcina amandla ephathekayo, iphinde ibuyisele ugesi kugridi ngezikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu. Lokhu kugcwala kabili akugcini nje ngokuzolisa igridi kodwa futhi kudala imithombo yenzuzo kubanikazi bezimoto, kwenza umuzwa wokuba nemoto kagesi eluhlaza ube nenzuzo nakakhulu.

Elinye lamasu okuphumelelayo okushintshela emotweni kagesi eluhlaza ukuncipha okukhulu kwezindleko zokuphepha nokugcinwa kwezimoto abanikazi abazijabulelayo phakathi nempilo yemoto. Ugesi ushibhile kakhulu ngekhilomitha kunophethiloli noma u-diesel ezindaweni eziningi, futhi ngoba izinjini zikagesi zinezinto ezihambayo ezimbalwa kakhulu kunezinhlobo zezinjini ezisebenzisa uphethiloli, ukugcinwa okuvamile njengokushintsha uwoyela, ukushintsha amabhande esikhathi, nokulungiswa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya kuyinto yesikhathi esidlulile. Emizameni emihlanu yokuba nomnikazi, ukonga kuphethiloli nokugcinwa kungafinyelela izinkulungwane zamadola, okukhipha izindleko eziphakeme zokuthenga eziningi izinhlobo zezimoto eziluhlaza ezisebenzisa ugesi zisazibiza. Uma ubheka ukwanda kokungazinzile kwezimakethe zikadizili zomhlaba wonke, ukubikezela kwentengo kagesi kunikeza umuzwa wokuzinza kwezimali okwamukelekayo emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ngokufanayo. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-enel green power spa zisebenza kanzima ukwenza ugesi ovuselelekayo ufinyeleleke futhi ube neshibhile, okwenza ukuthi kube lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ugesi.

Izikweletu zentela kanye nezikhuthazo zikahulumeni zimelela enye inzuzo enkulu yezezimali enganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthenga imoto kagesi eluhlaza namuhla. E-United States, izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni ezifinyelela izinkulungwane zamadola ziyatholakala ezimotweni ezintsha zikagesi ezifanelekile, futhi izifundazwe eziningi zengeza izaphulelo zazo, izibonelelo, noma izimali zokubhalisa ezincishisiwe phezu kwalokho. Izinkampani zikagesi ezifaka phakathi i-florida power & light company ngezinye izikhathi zinikeza amacebo akhethekile amanani noma izaphulelo kumakhasimende afaka imishini yokushaja yasekhaya, okwenza ushintsho lube ngcono nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abaqashi kanye nabangabanikazi bezakhiwo zezentengiselwano bafaka iziteshi zokushaja ezixhaswa yizinhlelo ezilandelwa ngezinsiza ezifana ne-greenbook pge, ehlanganisa izinhlelo zokwakha eziluhlaza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Lezi zikhuthazo zezimali, kuhlanganiswe nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, kusho ukuthi izindleko zokuba nemoto kagesi eluhlaza zingaba ngaphansi kunezimoto zikadizili ezifanayo eminyakeni embalwa nje yokuthenga.

Abashayeli abaningi basahlobanisa izimoto zikagesi nebanga elilinganiselwe nokusebenza okubuthakathaka, kodwa iqiniso lemakethe yamanje yamandla aluhlaza libalisa indaba ehlukile kakhulu yokuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye nokushayela okujabulisayo. Amandla amanje kagesi ahlinzeka nge-torque esheshayo kusukela ekuqaleni, ahlinzeka ngokukhula okufana noma okudlula okwezimoto ezihamba phambili ezihamba ngokushesha, ngaphandle komsindo noma ukudlidliza okuhlotshaniswa nezinjini zakudala. Ukukhathazeka ngebanga, okwake kwaba isithiyo esisemthethweni sokwamukelwa, kuye kuncishiswe kakhulu ngokufika kwamamodeli akwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ngeshaji eyodwa, kusekelwa inethiwekhi ekhulayo yeziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ezingagcwalisa ibhethri kuya kumaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ngaphansi kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Izinkampani ezifana ne-enel green power spa zifaka ingqalasizinda yokushaja ehlakaniphile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kanye nasemigwaqweni emikhulu, ziqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bamandla aluhlaza bangahamba ngokuzethemba. Le ngxube yokusebenza okujabulisayo nebanga elisebenzayo yenza imoto kagesi eluhlaza ibe enye indlela yangempela kubashayeli abenqaba ukudela injabulo yokushayela.

Izici zobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe yindawo enye lapho izimoto eziluhlaza ezisebenza ngogesi zikhanya khona, ngokuvamile ziza nezinto ezijwayelekile ezingaba izinto ezingeziwe noma ezingatholakali kumamodeli kaphethiloli afanayo. Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezithunyelwa nge-inthanethi, izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuzijabulisa ezisebenzisa isikrini sokuthinta, amaphakethe athuthukisiwe osizo lomshayeli, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokuphatha ibhethri konke kuyizimpawu zesipiliyoni samanje sokuba nemoto kagesi. Ibhethri elifanayo elinamandla aphezulu elinika amandla uhlelo lokudonsa lingasebenza njengomthombo wamandla omakhalekhukhwini, livumela abanikazi ukuthi basebenzise amathuluzi, izinto zikagesi, noma baze bashaje enye imoto kagesi esimweni esiphuthumayo. Ezinkampanini kanye nabangumnikazi bezindlu abafuna ukuhlanganisa ezokuthutha zabo nezinhlelo zabo zamandla, imikhiqizo evela kubahlinzeki abanjengo-lifei, okuhlanganisa namabhethri elanga nezixazululo zokugcina amandla, ingakha uhlelo oluluhlaza oluluhlaza oluluhlaza. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokusheshisa, umehluko phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi nezivamile mayelana nezici kanye nokulula uyancipha ngokushesha, okwenza ukukhetha ukuba noluhlaza kagesi kube lula kubathengi abanolwazi lobuchwepheshe.

Ukukhetha imoto eluhlaza okotshani ekagesi efanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwesabelomali sakho siqu, imikhuba yakho yokushayela, nezidingo zendlela yokuphila, njengoba imakethe manje inikeza izinketho cishe kuwo wonke umkhakha kanye nezinga lentengo. Amamodeli okuqala ahlinzeka ngomgoqo ophansi kubathengi bokuqala bakagesi, ngamanani entengo aheha kakhulu ngemuva kokufaka izikweletu zentela kahulumeni kanye nezaphulelo zezifunda, kanti amamodeli aphezulu ahlinzeka ngamakamelo okunethezeka kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kulabo abanokuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekuchitheni kwabo imali. Kubalulekile ukubala izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, okubandakanya amanani kagesi, izinkokhelo zomshwalense, kanye nokonga okungaba khona ekugcineni, kunokugxila kuphela enanini lentengo. Izinsiza ezifana nedathabhesi ye-greenbook pge zingakusiza ukuthi ubone amakhaya namabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla ngendlela efanele endaweni yakho asevele enze ushintsho, kukunikeze isithombe esingokoqobo sokuthi umuzwa wakho ungabukeka kanjani. Ngokuhambisa ukukhetha kwakho nezimo zakho zezimali kanye nebanga lokuhamba kwakho kwansuku zonke, ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto yakho eluhlaza okotshani ekagesi iletha inani eliphezulu kusukela osukwini lokuqala.

Ukuqina kwesitayela sokuphila kudlula kakhulu ezicini zezimali futhi kuthinta izici ezisebenzayo njengokutholakala kokushaja, indawo yokulayisha izimpahla, nosayizi wezimoto, konke lokhu kungathinta ukwaneliseka kwakho esikhathini eside ngokuthenga kwakho. Uma unegaraji noma indawo yokupaka lapho ungakwazi ukufaka khona ishaja ye-Level 2, ukushaja ekhaya kuba lula kakhulu futhi kungabizi; uma uthembele ekushajeni komphakathi, uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuneziteshi ezithembekile eduze kwekhaya lakho nomsebenzi wakho, eziningi zazo zithunyelwa izinkampani ezisiza ngogesi njenge-florida power & light company. Imindeni ingase ibeke phambili izimoto ezinkulu ezine-SUV noma izimoto ezinkulu ezine-minivan ezinekhono elanele lokulayisha izimpahla ezindaweni zokuhamba, kanti abantu abahamba emadolobheni bangase bakhethe izimoto ezincane ezilula ukupaka nokuzulazula emigwaqweni yedolobha enabantu abaningi. i-lifei, ngokusebenzisa yayoAmandla amashaumugqa wemikhiqizo, unikeza amabhethri elanga nezinhlelo zamandla ezingahambisana nesistimu yakho yokushaja yasekhaya, okunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yakho kanye nezindleko zakho zikagesi. Ukuthatha isikhathi sokuhlola izinhlobo eziningi bese uhlola ububanzi bazo bangempela kuzokusiza wenze isinqumo esiqinisekayo ozojabula naso iminyaka ezayo.

Inzuzo yangempela yanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo itholakala emikhubeni yalabo asebenze isinyathelo, futhi abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi eziluhlaza njalo babika amazinga aphezulu okwaneliseka ngokonga kwabo kwezimali kanye nenjabulo yabo yokushayela. USarah, umnikazi webhizinisi eFlorida ongagibela imoto yakhe kagesi ekhaya futhi ngezikhathi ezithile asebenzise iziteshi zomphakathi ezihlinzekwa yi-florida power & light company, ulinganisa ukuthi wonge ngaphezu kwamadola ayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ngenyanga ezindlekweni zophethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto yakhe yangaphambili kaphethiloli. Uphinde aqaphele ukuthi ukuntuleka kokushintsha uwoyela nokushintsha amabhande kunciphise izindleko zakhe zokugcinwa cishe ngamashumi ayisithupha ekhulwini eminyakeni emithathu, okumvumela ukuthi aphinde atshale imali yakhe ekukhuleni kwenkampani yakhe. Omunye umnikazi, uMark, washintshela ku-SUV kagesi eluhlaza ngemuva kokubonisana nedatha ye-greenbook pge ukuze athole izinketho zokushaja ezonga ugesi endaweni yakhe, futhi ubika ukuthi ukusheshisa okungazelelwe kanye nekhabhini elithule kuguqule uhambo lwakhe lokuya emsebenzini kusukela emsebenzini kuya enjabulweni. Lezi zindaba zigcizelela izinzuzo ezimbili zokuba nesibopho semvelo kanye nokuqonda kwezimali okuchaza umuzwa wokuba ngumnikazi wemoto kagesi eluhlaza.

Abashayeli bemikhumbi yezentengiselwano nabo bayayibona inzuzo enkulu emva kokuguqula izimoto zabo, noma ingxenye yazo, zibe amandla kagesi aluhlaza, abanye babika ukuncipha kwezindleko zokusebenzisa izimoto ngo amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu. Inkampani yokulethwa eCalifornia eyabambisana ne-enel green power spa ukufaka iziteshi zokushaja ezisekelwe elangeni, yathola ukuthi izimoto zayo manje zisebenza ngesabelo esincane sezindleko zama-diesel ayo adlule, kuyilapho futhi ziqinisekisa izibonelelo ezinkulu zombuso zemikhumbi engenawo umoya ongcolile. Abashayeli ngabanye njalo basho ukwaneliseka kokwazi ukuthi izinqumo zabo zansuku zonke zokuhamba zinegalelo emoyeni ohlanzekile nesimo sezulu esizinzile, umuzwa oqiniswa lapho babelana ngolwazi lwabo nabangane nomndeni. I-Lifei, njengomlingani omethembayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla amasha, isiza ukufeza le miphumela emihle ngokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezisebenza kahle nezinhlelo ezisekela ingqalasizinda enkulu yamandla kagesi aluhlaza. Iqoqo elikhulayo lamakhasimende anelisekile liyisiboniso esinamandla sokuthi ukusebenzisa ugesi akuyona nje umqondo omuhle kodwa ukukhetha okusebenzayo nokunikeza umvuzo kubantu abavela kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila.

Ubufakazi bucacacile futhi buqinisekisa: izimoto eziluhlaza ezisebenza ngogesi zinikeza inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokunakekelwa kwemvelo, ukonga imali, kanye nenjabulo yokushayela engalinganiswa imoto esebenza uphethiloli enkathini yamanje. Kusukela ekuqedweni kokukhishwa komoya wokukhipha uphethiloli nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuya ekunciphisweni okukhulu kwezindleko zokuphepha nokugcinwa kwezimoto, izinzuzo zokushintshela kugesi zithinta zonke izici zesipiliyoni sokuba nemoto. Abahlinzeki bezinsiza njenge-florida power & light company, izinkampani zamandla njenge-enel green power spa, kanye nezindawo zokugcina idatha ezisebenza kahle njenge-greenbook pge konke kuyingxenye yohlelo olukhula ngokushesha olwenza kube lula kunanini ngaphambili ukuba nemoto eluhlaza esebenza ngogesi nokuyisebenzisa. Noma ngabe ungumuntu oqaphela izindleko, umndeni ofuna i-SUV evumelana nezimo, noma umnikazi webhizinisi ofuna ukwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza, kukhona imodeli eluhlaza esebenza ngogesi eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho. Ubuchwepheshe bukhona, ingqalasizinda iyakhula, futhi izikhuthazo zezimali zinkulu; ingxenye eyodwa kuphela engekhona yisinqumo sakho sokubamba isondo.

I-Lifei iyaziqhenya ngokuxhasa ushintsho lwamandla aluhlaza ngomugqa wemikhiqizo ephelele, okubandakanya amabhethri elanga, ​​izinhlelo zamandla, nezingxenye ezihambisana nokushaja izimoto zikagesi nokuphathwa kwamandla asekhaya.Amandla amashaumugqa wemikhiqizo, okubandakanya amabhethri elanga, ​​izinhlelo zamandla, nezingxenye ezihambisana nokushaja izimoto zikagesi nokuphathwa kwamandla asekhaya. Sikumema ukuthi uhlole izinto esinazo ku-Ikhayapage ukubona ukuthi izixazululo zethu zingahlanganiswa kanjani nendlela yakho yokuphila kagesi oluhlaza. Uhambo oluya esikhathini esihlanzekile, esingabizi kakhulu luqala ngezenzo eziyodwa, eziqondile: ukuhlela ukushayela imoto kagesi eluhlaza esitolo esiseduze nawe. Zizwele amandla athule, i-torque esheshayo, nokuthula kwengqondo okuzuzwa ngokushayela imoto ehambisana nezindinganiso zakho nesabelomali sakho. Joyina izinkulungwane zabashayeli asebevele bathola ukuthi akudingeki ukhethe phakathi kokonga imali nokulondoloza umhlaba; ngemoto kagesi eluhlaza, ungakwenza kokubili, uqale namuhla.